Lactose intolerance in kids occurs when they cannot properly digest lactose, the sugar found in milk and dairy products. It happens because their bodies do not produce enough of the enzyme lactase, which is essential for breaking down lactose in the digestive system.

Lactose intolerance is manageable, and with proper care, most kids can still enjoy a balanced diet. They can live comfortably by avoiding triggers, using lactose-free alternatives, and maintaining adequate nutrition.

Symptoms in kids:

Children with lactose intolerance may experience symptoms within 30 minutes to 2 hours after consuming dairy products, including:

• Bloating
• Gas
• Diarrhea
• Stomach cramps
• Nausea
• Stomach rumbling

Causes for lactose intolerance:

• Genetic factors: Children may inherit a tendency to produce less lactase over time, making it difficult to digest lactose. This is more common in children of Asian, African, Native American, and Hispanic descent.
• Illness or infection: Lactose intolerance can develop after a viral or bacterial infection that affects the small intestine, such as gastroenteritis.
• Premature birth: Premature babies may have temporary lactose intolerance due to underdeveloped lactase production.

Types of lactose intolerance:

1. Primary lactose intolerance: Most common, develops gradually as lactase production decreases with age.
2. Secondary lactose intolerance: Triggered by illness, injury, or medical conditions like celiac disease or Crohn’s disease that affect the small intestine.
3. Congenital lactose intolerance: Rare and occurs when a baby is born without the ability to produce lactase.

Care for Kids with lactose intolerance:

1. Dietary management

• Lactose-Free Milk: Replace regular milk with lactose-free options, such as lactose-free cow’s milk or plant-based alternatives like almond, soy, oat, or coconut milk.
• Dairy-free products: Look for lactose-free or dairy-free versions of cheese, yogurt, and ice cream.
• Hard cheeses: Hard cheeses, like cheddar, parmesan, and Swiss, have lower lactose content and may be easier to digest.
• Smaller portions: Sometimes, children can tolerate lesser amounts of lactose. Offer dairy in smaller portions to see if symptoms are less severe.

2. Lactase Supplements

• Lactase enzyme supplements can be given to help children digest lactose when they consume dairy products. These can be in the form of chewable tablets, drops, or capsules and can be used before meals.

3. Ensure Nutritional Balance

• Calcium and vitamin D: Dairy is a primary source of calcium and vitamin D, essential for bone health. If dairy is removed from the diet, ensure your child gets calcium and vitamin D from other sources such as:
  • Fortified plant-based milk (like almond or soy milk)
  • Green leafy vegetables (broccoli, kale)
  • Fortified orange juice
  • Almonds, sesame seeds, and tofu
  • Supplements, if recommended by a pediatrician

4. Monitor symptoms

• Keep a food diary to track which foods trigger symptoms and in what quantities. This can help identify how much lactose your child can tolerate without discomfort.

5. Encourage probiotics

• Some children may benefit from probiotic foods (like certain yogurts) or supplements, as probiotics can help support a healthy gut environment and may aid in digesting lactose.

It is important to consult a pediatrician if you suspect lactose intolerance in your child. They may recommend tests to confirm the condition and help create a care plan to ensure your child continues to receive adequate nutrition for growth and development.

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