All posts by Sumana Rao

Don't worry about the people in your past; There's a reason they didn't make it to your future.
Cystic Fibrosis Diagnosis And Treatment

Cystic Fibrosis Diagnosis And Treatment

Diagnosis 

 

  1. Newborn Screening: Many countries include CF in their routine newborn screening programs.
  2. Sweat Test: Measures the concentration of salt in sweat; elevated levels indicate CF.
  3. Genetic Testing: Identifies mutations in the CFTR gene.
     

Treatment 

 

  1. Airway Clearance Techniques: Methods to help clear mucus from the lungs, such as chest physiotherapy or using devices like a high-frequency chest wall oscillation vest.
  2. Inhaled Medications: Bronchodilators, mucus thinners (like DNase), and antibiotics to treat lung infections.
  3. Antibiotics: To treat and prevent lung infections.
  4. Pancreatic Enzyme Supplements: To aid digestion and nutrient absorption.
  5. Nutritional Support: High-calorie diet, vitamins, and sometimes feeding tubes.
  6. CFTR Modulators: Newer drugs that target the underlying defect in the CFTR protein (e.g., ivacaftor, lumacaftor/ivacaftor)
  7. Exercise: Encouraged to help improve lung function and overall health. 

 

Managing cystic fibrosis in children requires a comprehensive and initiative-taking approach, involving regular medical care, effective treatments, and dedicated support systems. Advances in medical research continue to offer hope for even better outcomes in the future.


Image : Content credentials Generated with AI ∙ July 2, 2024 at 6:21 AM 


Author: Sumana Rao | Posted on: July 3, 2024
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Cystic Fibrosis A Genetic Disorder In Children

Cystic Fibrosis A Genetic Disorder In Children

Cystic Fibrosis (CF) is a genetic disorder that significantly impacts the respiratory, digestive, and reproductive systems. It is one of the most common rare diseases in children.  

Causes:  

  • Genetic Mutation: CF is caused by mutations in the CFTR (cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator) gene, which is responsible for regulating the movement of salt and water in and out of cells. The most common mutation is ΔF508. 
  • Inheritance: CF is an autosomal recessive disorder, meaning a child must inherit one defective CFTR gene from each parent to develop the disease. 

Symptoms 

Respiratory Symptoms: 

  • Frequent lung infections like pneumonia, bronchitis 
  • Wheezing or shortness of breath 
  • Nasal polyps 

Digestive Symptoms: 

  • Frequent, bulky, greasy stools or difficulty with bowel movements 
  • Intestinal blockages, particularly in newborns (meconium ileus) 

Other Symptoms: Salty-tasting skin, clubbing of fingers and toes (widening and rounding of the fingertips) 

Image credit: Content credentials Generated with AI ∙ July 2, 2024 at 6:19 AM  


Author: Sumana Rao | Posted on:
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Challenges In Dealing Rare Diseases In Children

Challenges In Dealing Rare Diseases In Children

Dealing with rare diseases in children requires a multi-faceted approach involving improved diagnostic techniques, increased funding for research, better access to treatment, and robust support systems for affected families. Advances in medical science and technology offer hope for better management and potential cures for these challenging conditions. 
 
What are the challenges? 

  • Diagnosis: Rare diseases often go undiagnosed or are misdiagnosed due to lack of awareness and knowledge among healthcare professionals.
  • Research and Development: Limited research funding and resources are available for rare diseases, making it challenging to develop effective treatments.
  • Access to Treatment: Even when treatments exist, they can be prohibitively expensive and not widely accessible.


Support and Resources 

  • Genetic Testing and Counseling: Essential for diagnosis and family planning.
  • Patient Advocacy Groups: Organizations such as the National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD) and EURORDIS provide support, information, and advocacy.
  • Specialized Care Centers: Hospitals and clinics specializing in rare diseases can offer more comprehensive and coordinated care. 
    Recent Advances
  • Gene Therapy: Emerging as a promising treatment option for some genetic rare diseases
    Precision Medicine: Tailoring treatment based on individual genetic profiles.
  • Increased Awareness and Funding: Initiatives to raise awareness and increase funding for research on rare diseases.

 

Image credit: Generated with AI ∙ July 2, 2024 at 6:12 AM 


Author: Sumana Rao | Posted on: July 2, 2024
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Five Rare Conditions In Children: Symptoms, Diagnosis And Treatment

Five Rare Conditions In Children: Symptoms, Diagnosis And Treatment

Rare diseases in children encompass a wide array of disorders, often characterized by their low prevalence but high impact on affected individuals and their families. These diseases can be genetic, metabolic, or stem from other complex causes, and often present significant challenges in terms of diagnosis, treatment, and management. 


Common characteristics

  • Low prevalence: By definition, a rare disease affects fewer than 200,000 people in the U.S. or fewer than 1 in 2,000 people in Europe.
  • Genetic origin: A sizable proportion of rare diseases in children are genetic, caused by mutations in single genes, chromosomal abnormalities, or mitochondrial defects.
  • Chronic and serious: These conditions are often chronic, progressive, and life-threatening.

Examples of rare diseases in children

  1. Cystic Fibrosis: A genetic disorder affecting the respiratory and digestive systems.
  2. Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy: A genetic disorder characterized by progressive muscle degeneration and weakness.
  3. Rett Syndrome: A neurodevelopmental disorder primarily affecting girls, leading to severe cognitive and physical impairment.
  4. Spinal Muscular Atrophy: A genetic disorder affecting the motor neurons of the spinal cord, leading to muscle wasting.
  5. Gaucher Disease: A genetic disorder resulting from a deficiency of the enzyme glucocerebrosidase. 
     

References; 
https://www.csl.com/ 
https://curegrin.org/ 
https://www.chp.edu/ 
https://www.ouhealth.com/ 
https://www.nationwidechildrens.org/


Image credit: Generated with AI ∙ July 2, 2024 at 6:10 AM

Challenges In Dealing Rare Diseases In Children : Read More

Challenges In Dealing Rare Diseases In Children

Cystic Fibrosis A Genetic Disorder In Children : Read More

Cystic Fibrosis A Genetic Disorder In Children

Cystic Fibrosis Diagnosis And Treatment : Read More

Cystic Fibrosis Diagnosis And Treatment

Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy Rapid Muscle Degeneration In Children : Read More

Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy Rapid Muscle Degeneration In Children

Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy Diagnosis, Treatment : Read More

Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy Diagnosis, Treatment

Rett Syndrome A Neurological Disorder In Children : Read More

Rett Syndrome A Neurological Disorder In Children

Rett Syndrome Diagnosis, Treatment And Management : Read More

Rett Syndrome Diagnosis, Treatment And Management

Spinal Muscular Atrophy A Genetic Disorder In Children : Read More

Spinal Muscular Atrophy A Genetic Disorder In Children

Spinal Muscular Atrophy Diagnosis, Treatment And Therapy : Read More

Spinal Muscular Atrophy Diagnosis, Treatment And Therapy

Gaucher Disease Is A Rare Genetic Disorder In Children : Read More

Gaucher Disease Is A Rare Genetic Disorder In Children

Gaucher Disease Diagnosis, Treatment And Management : Read More

Gaucher Disease Diagnosis, Treatment And Management

Author: Sumana Rao | Posted on:
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Farming is important

Why Farming Should Be Our Top Priority

We all are witnessing changes in our environment especially the way the farmland is converting to build buildings and infrastructures. In addition, the generation who love desk jobs are moving away from farming. Their visit to nature and farms is restricted to the weekend for fun and entertainment. We all need nutritious food and to get that food, it is important to focus on farming as it is critical for our survival. It is time to rethink our priorities and focus on how we can help our farmers and farming.

Farming is critical for following reasons, it is impacting various aspects of society and the environment  in different ways:

1. Food security:

Primary source of food: Farming is the backbone of food production, providing most of the world’s supply of fruits, vegetables, grains, and animal products.

Sustenance: Ensures that populations have access to a stable and sufficient supply of nutritious food, which is fundamental for survival and health.

2. Economic stability:

Employment: Provides jobs for millions of people worldwide, especially in developing countries where agriculture is a major source of employment.

Income generation: Farming and related industries contribute significantly to national economies through the production and export of agricultural products.

3. Rural development:

·        Infrastructure improvement: Farming encourages the development of rural areas by improving infrastructure such as roads, electricity, and irrigation systems.

·        Community building: Supports the establishment and maintenance of local communities, schools, and healthcare facilities in rural areas.

4. Environmental stewardship:

·        Land management: Responsible farming practices help maintain soil health, prevent erosion, and promote biodiversity.

·        Sustainability: Sustainable agriculture practices aim to reduce environmental impact, conserve water, and reduce the use of harmful chemicals, contributing to the overall health of the planet.

5. Cultural significance:

·        Tradition and heritage: Farming practices and crops often have deep cultural and historical significance, preserving traditions and heritage.

·        Diet and cuisine: Shapes local and national diets, influencing culinary practices and food culture.

6. Raw materials for industry:

·        Non-Food products: Provides raw materials for varieties of industries, including textiles (cotton, wool), biofuels (corn, sugarcane), pharmaceuticals, and more.

·        Secondary products: By-products from farming, such as crop residues and animal manure, are used in various industrial processes and for bioenergy production.

7. Health and nutrition:

·        Nutrient Supply: Farming is crucial to produce diverse foods that provide essential nutrients required for human health and development.

·        Food Quality: Quality farming practices ensure the availability of fresh, nutritious, and safe food.

8. Global stability:

·        Reducing hunger and poverty: Effective farming practices can significantly reduce hunger and poverty, particularly in developing regions, fostering global stability.

·        Trade and diplomacy: Agricultural trade is a major component of international relations and economic agreements.

Farming is essential not just for providing food, but for fostering economic growth, ensuring environmental sustainability, preserving cultural heritage, and promoting global stability. Its multifaceted impact underscores the need for continued support, innovation, and sustainable practices in agriculture.

Image credentials: Generated with AI ∙ June 24, 2024, at 7:59 PM

 


Author: Sumana Rao | Posted on: June 26, 2024
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Bird flu in India

Four Year Old Infected With Bird Flu In India

Recently, the International Health Regulations (IHR) National Focal Point (NFP) for India reported to WHO a case of human infection with avian influenza A(H9N2) virus detected in a child resident of West Bengal in India. Child has been recovered and sent home.

WHO expressed deep concern regarding the increasing transmission of H5N1 bird flu to other species, including humans.

This is the second human infection of avian influenza A(H9N2) notified to WHO from India, with the first in 2019. The child has recovered and was discharged from hospital.

According to the IHR (2005), a human infection caused by a novel influenza A virus subtype is an event that has the potential for high public health impact and must be notified to the WHO. Most human cases of infection with avian influenza A(H9N2) viruses are exposed to the virus through contact with infected poultry or contaminated environments.

Avian influenza A (H9N2) is a subtype of influenza A virus that primarily affects birds, including poultry like chickens and turkeys. Occasionally, it can infect humans and other mammals. Here is a general overview of Avian Influenza A (H9N2) and its situation in India:

Avian Influenza A (H9N2) Overview:

· Virus Type: Avian influenza A (H9N2) is a type of influenza A virus commonly found in birds, particularly poultry.

· Transmission: It primarily spreads among birds through respiratory secretions and fecal contamination. Human infections are rare and usually occur after direct contact with infected birds.

· Symptoms in Birds: Infected birds may show symptoms like reduced egg production, respiratory issues, and sometimes mortality, although many infected birds show no symptoms.

· Human Infections: Human infections with H9N2 are generally mild, causing symptoms like seasonal flu -fever, cough, sore throat, headache, muscle aches, fatigue, and conjunctivitis and rarely severe during which breathing can be hard and pneumonia can occur.

· Detection: Swabs of throat and nose followed by series of tests including RT-PCR will help to identify the virus. Serological studies including blood tests will help to identify the antibodies against the virus is essential for determining immune responses and any verifying prior infections of bird flu.

Avian Influenza A (H9N2) in India:

As stated by WHO this is the 2nd bird flu case in India, the first one was reported in 2019. According to Dr. Saurabh Khanna, Lead Consultant, Pediatrics and Neonatology at CK Birla Hospital – “While  H9N2 virus primarily infects birds, it can occasionally infect humans, including children”. The risk of getting bird flu is comparatively low unless children come in contact with a contaminated environment, infected birds, animals, or their secretions. Children are more susceptible to this virus as their immune system will be in development stage unlike adults who have more resistance to the infection. Both in adults and children symptoms remain same, severity of infection will be different.

· Occurrence: H9N2 has been detected in poultry in India, but human cases are uncommon.

· Surveillance: The Indian government conducts surveillance and monitoring of influenza viruses in poultry populations to detect any potential outbreaks or transmissions to humans.

· Prevention and Control: Measures such as vaccination of poultry, biosecurity measures on farms, and restrictions on poultry movement are implemented to control the spread of H9N2 and other avian influenza viruses.

· Public Health Response: Public health authorities in India, like in other countries, emphasize monitoring and rapid response to potential outbreaks to prevent human infections and ensure food safety.

While Avian Influenza A (H9N2) is present in poultry in India, human infections are rare and typically mild. H9N2 is not easily transmitted between humans. However, surveillance and control measures are crucial in managing the virus and minimizing its impact on both animal and human health.

References:

·        Avian Influenza A (H9N2)- India (who.int)

·        https://indianexpress.com/

·        https://www.businesstoday.in/

·        Image credit: Copilot: Generated with AI ∙ June 24, 2024 at 7:32 & 7:39 pm


Author: Sumana Rao | Posted on: June 25, 2024
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DIY Safe Homemade Sunscreen

DIY Homemade sunscreen recipe
Sunscreen image credit: Image by carolinaca1995 from Pixabay  , Free for use under the Pixabay Content License

Author: Sumana Rao | Posted on: June 24, 2024
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Roasted mango juice

Roasted Mango Juice

Roasted mango juice has a rich, caramelized flavor that is perfect for a refreshing summer drink. Adjust the sweetness and tartness by adding honey and lime juice according to your taste. The process of roasting or charring the mango skin adds a unique flavor and mango juice tastes delightful!

Roasted mango juice recipe

Ingredients:

1.        Ripe mangoes – 2 to 4

2.        Honey (optional, adjust to taste): 2 Tbsp.

3.        Lime juice – 1 Tbsp

4.        Icy water – 1 cup

5.        Ice cubes – few (Optional)

6.        Pepper powder – little

7.        Mint leaves (optional for garnish)

8.        Black salt – little

Preparation:

1.        Char mango skin:

·        If you are using an oven, then,

1)        Preheat the Oven: Preheat your oven to 400°F (200°C).

2)        Prepare the Mangoes: Wash the mangoes thoroughly. Cut the mangoes in half, avoiding the seed. Remove the seed and place the mango halves on a baking sheet with the cut side facing up.

3)        Roast the Mangoes: Place the baking sheet in the preheated oven and roast the mangoes for about 20-25 minutes or until they are caramelized and slightly charred around the edges.

·        If you are using flame to roast mangoes: Wash mangoes and on low or medium flame hold the mangoes and slowly turn over to churn the skin.

2.        After cooling peel, the charred skin and extract the pulp.

3.        Transfer pulp to blender. Blend roasted mango pulp, honey, lime juice, black salt, pepper, and icy water. Add more water depending on your desired consistency.

4.        If you prefer to have smooth juice then, you can strain the juice. Otherwise transfer the juice into glasses, garnish with mint leaves and serve.

Serve immediately or refrigerate the juice for few minutes. Enjoy your refreshing roasted mango juice!

Image credit: www.werindia.com: Generated with AI ∙ June 20, 2024, at 6:53 PM

 

 

 


Author: Sumana Rao | Posted on: June 21, 2024
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