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Madduru vada recipe

Evening Snack Madduru Vada

A cup coffee with spicy evening snack during rainy season lifts our mood. Try Madduru vada for a rainy day. Madduru is a small town in Karnataka State of Southern India. This famous snack Madduru vada was invented in this place by Ramachandra Budhya a century ago, in order to fulfill hungry stomach of passengers who come by evening train. Now this snack is available in most restaurants and also one can prepare at home easily. Madduru town is situated on the highway between Bengaluru and Mysore cities.

 Madduru vada is an evening snack served with hot coffee in this part of the world. The aroma of the Madduru vada wafts as soon as one reaches Madduru. 

Madduru vada recipe:

Ingredients:

  1. Rice flour:  1 cup
  2. Semolina or small rava: ½ cup
  3. All purpose flour – ¼ cup
  4. Onion: 2 medium size red onion
  5. Green chilies: 2-3, finely chopped
  6. Coriander: ¼ cup chopped
  7. Curry leaves: Few
  8. Red chili powder: ½ tsp
  9. Groundnut halves: 1 Tbsp (optional)
  10. Oil: 3 Tbsp for mixing
  11. Salt: as per taste
  12. Oil for frying: Vegetable oil for deep frying

Preparation:

  1. In a mixing bowl, add rice flour, semolina and all purpose flour
  2. Combine all the other ingredients in another mixing bowl – coriander, green chili, cut curry leaves, chopped onions, groundnut halves – mix well and add it to flour bowl
  3. Mix well by adding 3 Tbsp oil and salt. Onion will release moisture, hence water is not needed to mix the contents.
  4. Knead and let the flour mix sit for about 10-15 minutes.
  5. Knead dough again. Now the flour mix will have moisture to make flat vada. In case, you feel moisture is not enough to prepare vada, then add few drops of water.
  6. Prepare lemon size balls with dough.
  7. In a deep frying pan heat oil on medium heat.
  8. To make Maddur vada you can use Aluminum foil piece or banana leaf. Grease palms and banana leaf (or aluminum foil)  with little oil. Take dough ball and pat it flat on the leaf using fingers. Do not make it too thin.
  9. Slide the flattened Maddur vada in heated oil and fry both sides till it turns golden to slightly darker brown.
  10. Transfer hot Maddur vada on paper towel to drain excess oil.
  11. Serve Maddhur vada as evening snack with coconut chutney and hot coffee or tea!

Image credit: https://in.pinterest.com/pin/147563325274115011/

Author: Sumana Rao | Posted on: January 6, 2025
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Green tea benefits & side effects

9 Herbal teas – benefits & side effects

Herbal teas made from leaves, roots and flowers have multiple benefits. Antioxidants present in these herbs yield many health benefits. If you are an herbal tea drinker, you must know the uses as well as possible side effects of herbal teas.

. Tulsi tea: Holy basil or Tulsi plant has many medicinal properties. Tulsi leaves tea are good for lungs, relieves congestion, relieves stress, good for oral health, keeps blood sugar at bay.

Tulsi tea is easy to prepare. Boil a cup of water, add few Tulsi leaves. Let it steep. Strain and drink tea.

Tulsi tea contains eugenol and ursolic acid. Do not consume more than one or two cups a day.

  • Mint tea: Both Tulsi and mint belongs to same family. Like Tulsi, mint leaves tea is good for respiratory disorders, removes congestion and good for weight loss.

To prepare mint tea, boil water and steep few leaves. Strain and drink hot mint tea.

Mint has strong odor. High amount of mint can cause nausea, vomiting, heart burn and dry mouth.

  • Rose hip tea: Rose hip contains rose seeds. Dried rosehip is used for herbal medicines. It contains Vitamin C.  Drinking rose hip tea supports immune system, good for heart, aids weight loss, reduces body inflammation and skin aging.  

If you are planning to prepare rose hip tea, you can use dried as wells as fresh rose hips. Collect and wash rosehips. Mash rose hips. Boil water and add rose hip. After one boil, remove and strain tea. You can add lemon juice or dried lemon peel to rose hip tea for additional flavoring.

Getting addicted to rosehip tea can cause constipation, kidney stones, fatigue and heart burn.

  • Rosemary tea: Drinking rosemary tea keeps you in alert condition. Polyphenols present in rosemary are responsible for anti-inflammatory property. It also helps to balance blood sugar level. 

Steep rosemary leaves for about 3 mins. In hot water. Strain and drink the tea. You can mix rosemary with thyme or lavender too.  Drinking more than two cups of rosemary tea can cause irritation in stomach.

Ingesting more rosemary can lead to heartburn, headache, nausea, stomach irritation, allergy, miscarriage

  • Thyme tea: It is good for gastrointestinal problem and helps to reduce lung congestion, cold and cough.

For hot water add few thyme leaves, let it steep for 3-4 mins. Strain and drink the tea.

For some people, drinking thyme tea can cause headache, dizziness or system upset.

  • Raspberry leaf tea: For centuries raspberry leaf tea has been used in treating menstrual cramps, to prepare womb for delivery and to regulate period cycles. Red raspberry tea is popular for its taste which is similar to regular tea minus caffeine.

To two cups of water boiling water, add 1 tsp of dried raspberry leaves or 4-5 leaves of fresh raspberry. Let it steep for few minutes. Strain and drink the tea.

Raspberry has laxative property. Drinking too much raspberry tea can cause loose stool, fatigue and has diuretic affect resulting in dehydration.

  • Lemon balm tea: If your nerves are hyperactive & feeling jittery then take help from lemon balm tea. It helps to calm and get balanced.

Easy to prepare. Pick leaves, rinse, pat dry and steep in hot water. You can also dry leaves and store. Steep dried lemon balm leaves when you want it. 

Stomach pain, painful urination, dizziness, irritation in respiratory tract, vomiting are potential cause of high lemon balm tea intake.

  • Lavender tea: Another tea to calm your nerves and to set your mind to ease. Flowers of lavender are used for relaxation purposes. It is a good sleeping aid.

To 2 cups boiled water, add 4 tsp of fresh lavender buds (or 2 tsp dry flower). Steep it for 5-10 mins. Strain and drink.

Lavender can cause headache, increased appetite and sometime irritation in system.

  • Mulberry tea: White mulberry tree leaves are hailed as superfoods. The tea is believed to inhibit absorption of carbohydrates by our system. Helps to stabilize sugar level. It is recommended for weight loss.

To prepare mulberry tea, use fresh or dry leaves. To one cup boiling water, add desired amount of leaves. Steep it for 5-7 mins. Strain and drink.  

Drinking too much mulberry tea can cause diarrhea, bloating and constipation. It can also cause skin irritation, hives.

Precautions for herbal tea intake:

  • People who have preexisting condition, women who are pregnant must contact their physicians before taking herbal tea.
  • If you are getting herbal tea from store, then read label. It will give your warning, precautions, dosage and how to use.
  • Buy herbal tea from store that has more turn over. Old tea loses fragrance & flavor.
  • If you are preparing tea at home, get to know about the herb fully, before you are using it. Do not assume all-natural herbs are safe.   
  • Most herbal teas can interact and interfere with medications. Do not mix medications and herbal tea. It is better to give minimum 2 hours gap between consumption of herbal tea and taking medication.
  • Consider drinking herbal tea morning or evening. Avoid drinking tea during your medication time.
  • Pregnant women and lactating mothers should not consume herbal tea unless, it is recommended by your OBGYN.

Image source: Photo by Sebastian Sammer on Unsplash (Free for commercial use)

Author: Sumana Rao | Posted on:
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Saponins what are they

Understanding Saponins In Your Food

Sometimes when we boil dal or lentil, we can see soap like foamy structure settling on top of water and overflowing. This is due to a natural chemical compound that is present in certain group of food called saponins. They belong to a class of chemical compounds called glycosides. Saponins have soap like properties, which means they can form a lather when mixed with water. These compounds play various roles in plants, including protection against pathogens and pests. In human nutrition, saponins have been studied for their potential health benefits as well as for their side effects.

Common food sources of saponins:

  • Legumes: Beans, lentils, and peas are rich in saponins. The outer layers of these legumes often contain higher concentrations of these compounds.
  • Quinoa: This pseudo-cereal contains saponins in its outer coating. Rinsing quinoa thoroughly before cooking can help reduce its saponin content.
  • Vegetables: Some vegetables, such as spinach and asparagus, contain saponins. However, the levels are generally lower compared to legumes and certain grains.
  • Herbs: Certain herbs, like ginseng and licorice, are known to contain saponins.
  • Fruits: Some fruits, like berries and tomatoes, may contain saponins in smaller amounts.

Potential health benefits of saponins:

  • Antioxidant properties: Saponins have been studied for their antioxidant properties, which may help neutralize harmful free radicals in the body.
  • Anti-inflammatory effects: Some studies suggest that saponins may have anti-inflammatory effects, which could be beneficial for conditions related to inflammation.
  • Immune system modulation: There is research indicating that saponins may have immunomodulatory effects, potentially influencing the activity of the immune system.
  • Cholesterol reduction: Certain saponins, particularly those found in legumes, have been investigated for their potential to lower cholesterol levels.

While saponins in moderate amounts from natural food sources are generally considered safe for most people, there can be potential side effects to keep in mind:

Gastrointestinal distress: Saponins may cause gastrointestinal discomfort in some individuals. This can include symptoms such as bloating, gas, or diarrhea. Cooking or processing foods that contain saponins can help reduce these effects.

Interference with nutrient absorption: Saponins can bind to minerals like calcium and iron, potentially interfering with their absorption. This is why saponins are sometimes classified as antinutrients. However, the impact on nutrient absorption can be minimized through cooking or other food processing methods.

Toxicity in high amounts: In higher concentrations, some saponins can be toxic. However, the levels of saponins found in foods are generally well below toxic levels. It’s important not to consume excessive amounts of concentrated saponin extracts or supplements.

Allergic reactions: While rare, some people may be allergic to specific saponins. Allergic reactions can range from mild symptoms like itching and hives to more severe reactions.

Hemolytic effects: Certain saponins have been shown to have hemolytic properties, meaning they can break down red blood cells. However, the concentrations required for this effect are typically higher than those found in normal dietary intake.

Impact on the gut microbiota: Saponins may have interactions with the gut microbiota, influencing the balance of beneficial bacteria. The implications of interaction between the two on human health is not fully understood and research is going on.

It is crucial to emphasize that most people can consume saponins as part of a balanced diet without experiencing adverse effects. The individual responses to saponins may vary, and more research is needed to fully understand their potential health effects. When you eat foods that contain higher level of saponins and you see any type of side effects or have health concerns or dietary considerations, talk to your doctor or a dietitian.

Image credit: Image by Jan Nijman from Pixabay (Free for commercial use)

Author: Sumana Rao | Posted on:
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Diversity teaching tips

Tips To Introducing Kids To Diversity

Often many parents sense their child having issues when exposed to diversity. Teaching kids about diversity is essential for fostering inclusive and empathetic individuals who appreciate and respect differences in people. It is important to make children understand the meaning of diversity and how understanding diversity helps to coexist not just in school but elsewhere too.

Kids friendly diversity definition can be explained in simple differences between plants, animals and humans:

  • Diversity in plants means trees, bushes, flowers, grass, etc and they live happily.
  • Diversity in dogs means big dogs, small dogs, long and short haired dogs, different color dogs etc.
  • In humans it is  race and skin color, religion, age, disabilities, etc. and we must live in this world together.

Here are few tips and strategies for teaching kids about diversity:

Start Early:

Begin discussing diversity with children at a young age. Even toddlers can start to understand basic concepts of fairness and kindness.

Use age-appropriate language:

Tailor your discussions to the child’s age and comprehension level. Use simple and concrete language for younger children and gradually introduce more complex ideas as they grow.

Be a role model:

Children often learn by example. Demonstrate inclusive behavior, respect for others, and an open-minded attitude in your interactions with people from diverse backgrounds.

Explore different cultures:

Introduce children to various cultures through books, movies, music, and art. Visit cultural festivals, museums, and restaurants that celebrate diversity.

Storytelling:

Share books and stories that feature characters from diverse backgrounds. These stories can help children relate to and empathize with people who are different from them.

Encourage questions:

Create an environment where children feel comfortable asking questions about differences. Answer their questions honestly and age-appropriately.

Promote critical thinking:

Encourage children to think critically about stereotypes and biases. Discuss how these stereotypes can be harmful and inaccurate.

Celebrate differences:

Highlight the beauty of diversity by celebrating holidays and traditions from different cultures. Engage in activities that showcase various customs and cuisines.

Teach empathy:

Help children understand the feelings and experiences of others. Encourage them to put themselves in someone else’s shoes and consider how their actions might impact others.

Address Bullying and Discrimination:

Teach children about the negative consequences of bullying and discrimination. Encourage them to stand up against unfair treatment and report it when they witness it.

Create inclusive play environments:

Encourage diverse playgroups and friendships. Children learn valuable lessons about diversity when they interact with peers from different backgrounds. Have them celebrate festivals of various ethnicities.

Discuss current events:

As children get older, engage them in discussions about current events related to diversity, equity, and inclusion. Help them understand the complexities of these issues. Have a virtual tour activity of different parts of the world.

School and Community Involvement:

Support school programs and community initiatives that promote diversity and inclusion. Attend events that celebrate cultural diversity and promote unity.

Cook food from other culture:

It is a great way to highlight the culture and diversity. Foods attracts not just kids. It is also a great way to expose families for various cultures and diversity.

Encourage respectful language:

Teach children to use respectful and inclusive language. Discuss the importance of avoiding derogatory terms and stereotypes.

Be patient:

Understand that children may not fully grasp the concepts of diversity and inclusion immediately. Be patient and provide ongoing guidance and support.

Teaching kids about diversity is an ongoing process. By fostering an inclusive and open-minded mindset from a young age, you can help children grow into compassionate and accepting individuals who value diversity and promote a more inclusive society.

Image credit: Photo by Yan Krukau: https://www.pexels.com/photo/children-in-a-classroom-8613111/ (CC by 0)

Author: Sumana Rao | Posted on:
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HMPV outbreak in china

After Covid-19 China Is Experiencing Surge in HMPV Cases

China is currently experiencing a significant surge in Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV) cases, leading to concerns about a potential health crisis reminiscent of the COVID-19 pandemic. HMPV is a respiratory virus that causes upper and lower respiratory infections, particularly affecting young children, older adults, and individuals with weakened immune systems.

Reports indicate that hospitals in China are overwhelmed due to the simultaneous circulation of multiple viruses, including HMPV, Influenza A, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, and COVID-19. This situation has led to an alarming increase in sudden deaths, particularly among individuals aged 40 to 80.

The surge in HMPV cases has been accompanied by a rise in pneumonia and “white lung” cases, especially in children’s hospitals. The Chinese government has stepped up monitoring of emerging respiratory diseases to manage the situation effectively.

Given the current situation, it is advisable to stay informed about the symptoms and preventive measures related to HMPV. Common symptoms include cough, fever, nasal congestion, and shortness of breath. Preventive measures include practicing good hand hygiene, wearing masks in crowded places, and avoiding close contact with infected individuals.

While the situation is evolving, it is essential to rely on information from reputable sources and adhere to public health advisories to mitigate the spread of HMPV and other respiratory viruses.

Human metapneumovirus (HMPV) infection primarily causes respiratory symptoms, which can range from mild to severe. The symptoms are like those of other respiratory viruses, such as the flu or respiratory syncytial virus (RSV).

Common symptoms:

Mild upper respiratory symptoms:

  • Cough
  • Nasal congestion or runny nose
  • Sore throat
  • Hoarseness or loss of voice
  • Sneezing

Systemic symptoms:

  • Fever
  • Fatigue
  • Muscle aches (myalgia)
  • Loss of appetite

Sever symptoms:

HMPV can cause more serious respiratory illnesses, particularly in vulnerable groups like young children, older adults, and those with weakened immune systems:

  1. Lower Respiratory Symptoms:
    • Shortness of breath or difficulty breathing (dyspnea)
    • Wheezing
    • Chest pain
    • Severe cough (may persist)
  2. Associated Conditions:
    • Bronchitis
    • Pneumonia
    • Bronchiolitis (inflammation of the small airways in the lungs)
    • Respiratory distress (in severe cases)

Groups at Risk for Severe Symptoms

  • Young children, especially infants
  • Older adults, particularly those with underlying conditions
  • People with weakened immune systems
  • Individuals with chronic lung diseases (e.g., asthma, COPD)

Treatment options:

There is no specific antiviral treatment or vaccine currently available for HMPV infection. Management focuses on supportive care to relieve symptoms and aid recovery.

1. Mild cases:

  • Rest and hydration: Ensure adequate rest and drink plenty of fluids to stay hydrated.
  • Over-the-counter medications:
    • Fever and pain relief: Acetaminophen (Tylenol) or ibuprofen (Advil) can be used to reduce fever and relieve aches.
    • Decongestants: May help alleviate nasal congestion, but avoid overuse, especially in children.
    • Cough suppressants: For managing cough, consult a doctor before use in children.

2. Severe cases or high-risk individuals: Patients with severe symptoms or those in high-risk groups (e.g., young children, elderly, or immunocompromised individuals) may require:

  • Oxygen therapy: To assist with breathing if oxygen levels drop.
  • Hospitalization: In cases of respiratory distress, pneumonia, or severe illness.
  • Mechanical ventilation: For life-threatening respiratory failure.

3. Preventive and adjunctive measures:

  • Nebulized Treatments or Inhalers: For patients with wheezing or asthma-like symptoms.
  • Antibiotics: Only if there is a secondary bacterial infection (e.g., bacterial pneumonia).

Home Care Tips:

  • Use a humidifier to keep airways moist and reduce congestion.
  • Encourage gentle nose blowing or use saline nasal sprays for children.
  • Isolate the infected person to prevent the spread to others.

When to seek medical attention?

  • Difficulty breathing or rapid breathing.
  • Persistent high fever that does not respond to medication.
  • Bluish skin, lips, or nails -a sign of low oxygen.
  • Signs of dehydration (like reduced urination, dry mouth).

While most HMPV infections resolve on their own within 7–10 days, complications like pneumonia can arise in vulnerable individuals. If symptoms like persistent high fever, rapid breathing, bluish skin, or severe difficulty breathing occur, seek medical attention immediately. If you or someone you care for falls into a high-risk category, consult a healthcare provider promptly.

References:

  1. https://www.ndtv.com/world-news/hmpv-outbreak-in-china-symptoms-spread-and-what-you-should-know-7389007?utm_source=chatgpt.com
  2. https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/international/global-trends
  3. https://www.hindustantimes.com/world-news/china-battles-new-mystery-virus-outbreak-five-years-after-covid-pandemic-101735892326018.html?utm_source=chatgpt.com
  4. Image credit: Image by Наркологическая Клиника from Pixabay (Free to use under Pixabay content license)
Author: Sumana Rao | Posted on: January 3, 2025
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Vinegar-baking soda cleaning mix

Vinegar Baking Soda Mix Cleaning Hacks

Mixing vinegar and baking soda creates a chemical reaction that produces carbon dioxide gas, water, and a type of salt (sodium acetate). This reaction has many practical uses in cleaning, science, and everyday life. The combination of vinegar and baking soda is a powerful, natural cleaning solution that can handle many household tasks. When vinegar (acidic) and baking soda (basic) mix, they react to form carbon dioxide gas, water, and sodium acetate. This fizzing action helps loosen dirt, grime, and buildup, making cleaning easier.

Ways to use vinegar-baking soda mix for household cleaning:

1. Unclogging drains

  • How to use:
    1. Pour 1/2 cup of baking soda down the drain.
    2. Add one cup of vinegar and let it fizz for 10–15 minutes.
    3. Flush with hot water.
  • Effect: Breaks up minor clogs and deodorizes the drain.

2. Cleaning tile grout

  • How to use:
    1. Sprinkle baking soda on the grout.
    2. Spray vinegar over it and let it fizz.
    3. Scrub with a brush and rinse with water.
  • Effect: Removes dirt and whitens grout lines.

3. Deodorizing garbage disposal

  • How to use:
    1. Add 1/2 cup baking soda to the disposal.
    2. Pour in one cup of vinegar and let it fizz for 5–10 minutes.
    3. Rinse with hot water.
  • Effect: Eliminates unpleasant odors and cleans the blades.

4. Cleaning and deodorizing toilets

  • How to use:
    1. Sprinkle baking soda into the toilet bowl.
    2. Pour in vinegar and let it fizz for 10–15 minutes.
    3. Scrub with a toilet brush and flush.
  • Effect: Removes stains and odors.

5. Polishing stainless steel

  • How to use:
    1. Sprinkle baking soda on the surface.
    2. Spray vinegar and wipe with a cloth.
    3. Rinse with water and dry.
  • Effect: Cleans and shines stainless steel without scratching.

6. Cleaning Ovens

  • How to use:
    1. Make a paste with baking soda and water; apply to oven grime.
    2. Spray vinegar over the paste and let it fizz.
    3. Scrub with a sponge and wipe clean.
  • Effect: Loosens baked-on grease and food residue.

7. Freshening carpets

  • How to use:
    1. Sprinkle baking soda on the carpet and let it sit for 15 minutes.
    2. Spray lightly with vinegar to activate.
    3. Vacuum thoroughly after it dries.
  • Effect: Removes odors and refreshes carpets.

8. Cleaning showerheads

  • How to use:
    1. Mix equal parts vinegar and water in a bag.
    2. Add a tablespoon of baking soda and secure the bag around the showerhead.
    3. Let it soak for 1–2 hours, then scrub and rinse.
  • Effect: Removes mineral deposits and clogs.

9. Freshening laundry

  • How to use:
    1. Add baking soda to the detergent compartment.
    2. Pour vinegar into the fabric softener compartment.
    3. Wash as usual.
  • Effect: Brightens clothes, removes odors, and softens fabrics.

10. Cleaning fridge

  • How to use:
    1. Wipe fridge surfaces with a paste of baking soda and water.
    2. Spray with vinegar, let it fizz, and wipe clean.
  • Effect: Removes grime and neutralizes odors.

Precautions

  • Do not store the mixture: The reaction releases gas, so storing it in a sealed container can cause pressure to build up.
  • Avoid certain surfaces: Test on small areas first, as vinegar’s acidity can damage natural stone, wood, or some metals.
  • Not for heavy-duty grease: This mixture is great for light cleaning but may not be strong enough for industrial grease or stains.

This natural cleaning combo is eco-friendly, safe, and cost-effective!

Do you know you can use this mixture in science experiments?

  • Volcano projects: It is often used in educational demonstrations to mimic volcanic eruptions because of the bubbling reaction.
  • Gas production: The reaction demonstrates chemical changes and gas release in chemistry lessons.

This reaction is safe, but it is best to avoid sealing the mixture in a container, as the gas buildup can cause pressure and may lead to an explosion.

Image credit: Photo by Ali Dashti: https://www.pexels.com/photo/close-up-of-a-spray-bottle-17735355/ (Free for commercial use);

Vinegar-baking soda: https://www.flickr.com/photos/jessicamullen/4431643843 (CC by 2.0)

Author: Sumana Rao | Posted on:
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Propolis of Honey bee benefits

Propolis From Honey Bees Has Many Medicinal Properties

Propolis is a resinous substance produced by bees from the sap on trees, which they mix with beeswax and their own enzymes. It is used to seal small gaps in the hive and protect against intruders and infections. Propolis has been recognized for its medicinal properties and is widely used in traditional and modern medicine.

Composition of propolis itself is unique. Apart from pollen, it contains resins, wax, essential oils and other substances.

Components of Propolis:

  • Resins and Balsams (50-60%) : These are collected from tree buds and are the main components of propolis. They contain a variety of phenolic compounds, including flavonoids, phenolic acids, and their esters.
  • Wax (30-40%) : Beeswax is secreted by bees and mixed with the resins. It provides the structural component of propolis.
  • Essential Oils (5-10%) : These volatile oils give propolis its aromatic properties and contribute to its antimicrobial activity.
  • Pollen (5%): Pollen grains collected by bees provide proteins, vitamins, and minerals.

Organic Compounds in propolis:

  • Flavonoids: Such as quercetin, pinocembrin, galanin, and chrysin. These compounds have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties.
  • Phenolic Acids: Like caffeic acid and ferulic acid. They contribute to antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities.
  • Terpenes and Terpenoids: Contributing to antimicrobial effects.
  • Amino Acids and Proteins: Including enzymes that may aid in propolis’ biological activities.
  • Vitamins: Especially B vitamins and vitamin C.
  • Minerals: Such as magnesium, calcium, and potassium

There are several ways propolis is useful for human health:

Antimicrobial properties: Propolis has demonstrated broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity against bacteria, viruses, and fungi. This makes it useful in treating and preventing infections:

  1. Bacterial Infections: Propolis can inhibit the growth of various bacteria, including Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli.
  2. Viral Infections: It has shown efficacy against viruses like the herpes simplex virus (HSV) and influenza.
  3. Fungal Infections: Propolis can also inhibit the growth of Candida species, making it helpful in managing yeast infections.

Anti-inflammatory effects: Propolis contains compounds that can reduce inflammation:

  1. Chronic Inflammation: It may help manage conditions characterized by chronic inflammation, such as arthritis and inflammatory bowel diseases.
  2. Wound Healing: By reducing inflammation, propolis can promote faster healing of cuts, burns, and other skin injuries.

Antioxidant properties: Propolis is rich in antioxidants, which can help protect the body from oxidative stress and damage caused by free radicals:

  1. Cell Protection: Antioxidants in propolis can protect cells from damage, potentially reducing the risk of chronic diseases like cancer and heart disease.
  2. Anti-Aging: These properties may also contribute to anti-aging effects, helping to maintain healthy skin and overall vitality.

Immune system support: Propolis can enhance the immune response, helping the body to fight off infections and diseases more effectively:

  1. Immune Modulation: It can modulate the immune system, promoting a balanced immune response.
  2. Cold and Flu Prevention: Regular use of propolis may help prevent common colds and flu by boosting the immune system.

Wound healing and skin health: Propolis promotes the healing of wounds and supports healthy skin:

  1. Topical Application: Applying propolis to cuts, burns, and sores can speed up healing and reduce the risk of infection.
  2. Skin Conditions: It may help manage conditions like eczema, psoriasis, and acne due to its anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties.

Oral health: Propolis is beneficial for maintaining oral hygiene and preventing dental problems:

  1. Dental Caries: It can help prevent cavities by inhibiting the growth of bacteria that cause tooth decay.
  2. Gum health: Propolis can reduce inflammation and promote healing in the gums, helping to prevent gingivitis and periodontitis.
  3. Mouth ulcers: It can aid in the healing of mouth ulcers and reduce associated pain.

Anti-Cancer properties: Some studies suggest that propolis may have anti-cancer effects:

  1. Tumor growth inhibition: It may inhibit the growth of various cancer cells, including those of breast, skin, colon, and prostate cancers.
  2. Apoptosis induction: Propolis can induce apoptosis (programmed cell death) in cancer cells, helping to limit the spread of tumors.

Usage and forms: Propolis can be used in various forms, including:

  1. Tinctures and extracts: Alcohol-based or water-based extracts are commonly used for internal or topical application.
  2. Capsules and tablets: For convenient oral consumption.
  3. Topical creams and ointments: Applied directly to the skin for treating wounds, burns, and skin conditions.
  4. Mouthwash and toothpaste: For maintaining oral health.

Safety and precautions: While propolis is generally considered safe, there are some precautions to consider:

  • Allergic reactions: People allergic to bee products should avoid propolis, as it can cause allergic reactions.
  • Pregnancy and breastfeeding: Consult a healthcare provider before using propolis during pregnancy or breastfeeding.
  • Interactions with medications: Propolis may interact with certain medications, so it is important to consult with a healthcare provider if you are taking other treatments.

Propolis offers a wide range of health benefits, making it a valuable natural remedy for various conditions. However, it is important to use it responsibly and consult with a healthcare provider when necessary.

Image credit: Hadi, CC BY-SA 4.0 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0>, via Wikimedia Commons

Author: Sumana Rao | Posted on: December 27, 2024
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