All posts by Sumana Rao

Don't worry about the people in your past; There's a reason they didn't make it to your future.
Blood Safety - Blood Donations Are Screened For Infectious Diseases

Blood Safety – Blood Donations Are Screened For Infectious Diseases

Blood donation organizations and blood banks have specific protocols and tests in place to ensure that donated blood is safe for recipients. Generally, every unit of blood is tested to identify the donor’s blood group (O, A, B or AB) and Rh type, and screened for atypical or unusual red cell antibodies. There are a few more tests that are carried out to make sure that donated blood is safe to transfer.  These tests are essential for identifying potential infections and diseases that could be transmitted through blood transfusions.

 

While the exact tests may vary by location and organization, here are some common tests conducted to qualify blood donors for multiple diseases:

 

1.       HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus)

2.       Hepatitis B and C

3.       Syphilis

4.       West Nile Virus

5.       Chagas Disease.

6.       Malaria

7.       Cytomegalovirus (CMV)

8.       HTLV (Human T-cell Lymphotropic Virus)

9.       Zika Virus

10.   Bacterial Contamination

 

It’s important to note that blood banks and donation organizations have strict guidelines and eligibility criteria that potential donors must meet. These criteria include factors such as recent travel history, medical conditions, and other potential risk factors for disease transmission. Donors who do not meet these criteria or who test positive for certain infections are typically deferred from donating blood to protect the safety of both donors and recipients.

 

References:

https://www.redcrossblood.org/

https://www.who.int/

Blood Safety Basics | CDC

https://www.mskcc.org/

Image credit: https://pxhere.com/en/photo/1649335 (CC by 0)

Testing For HIV Human Immunodeficiency Virus

Testing For HIV Human Immunodeficiency Virus

Hepatitis B and C Virus Testing

Hepatitis B and C Virus Testing

Syphilis Infection Testing

Syphilis Infection Testing

 

West Nile Virus Infection Testing

West Nile Virus Infection Testing

 

Chagas Disease Testing

Chagas Disease Testing

Testing For Malaria

Testing For Malaria

Testing For Cytomegalovirus CMV

Testing For Cytomegalovirus CMV

 

HTLV -Human T-cell Lymphotropic Virus Presence Test

HTLV -Human T-cell Lymphotropic Virus Presence Test

Author: Sumana Rao | Posted on: September 7, 2023
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AI avatar for communication

AI Technology and Brain Implant Helps Woman with Stroke to Speak After 18 years

Her name is Ann. She suffered a brainstem stroke at the age of 30 and it left her deeply paralyzed. The reason for the stroke is still mysterious. The condition resulted in loss of control of all muscles in her body. Ann was unable to breathe. Ann is 47 years now. After 18 years of the injury, even though she cannot speak verbally on her own, thanks to AI technology, Ann can communicate and able to speak through an avatar using AI technology that translates her brain signals into facial expression along with her speech!

Speech is the ability to express ideas and thoughts through spoken words. Speech loss after an injury eventually can impair communication and can cause social isolation.

Until recently, patients were able to communicate slowly by relying on slow speech synthesizers. These speech synthesizers spelling out words by using eye tracking or facial movement. Using this till recently Ann was able to communicate using this movement tracking technology where she can select letters of up to 14 words a minute. Even though this method is useful, communication is highly limited. With the new technology- the brain computer interfaces (BCIs) could transfer lives of people who are unable to speak like Ann due to strokes or ALS (Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis). 

How Ann is able to speak and communicate more now?

Tiny electrodes implanted on Ann’s brain surface to detect electrical activity in the part of the brain that controls speech and face expressions and movements. Signals translated directly to digital avatar. Avatar expresses speech and facial movement of all sorts – frustration, smile, frowning, surprise, laugh etc.

This research work carried out at University of California, San Fransisco (UCSF).  According to Prof Edward Chang, who is the lead of this research work “our goal is to restore full, embodied way of communicating, which is really the most natural way for us to talk with others. These advancements bring us much closer to making this a real solution for patients” Research team implanted a paper-thin rectangle of 253 electrodes on Ann’s brain surface which is critical for the speech. These electrodes intercepted the brain signals.  Ann worked with a research team to train the AI algorithm to detect brain signals for different speech sounds using various phrases repeatedly.

Ann’s voice was personalized in avatar by using her wedding speech. The AI system learned 39 distinctive sounds and Chat GPT- style language model was used for translating the signals into sentences. The test run had 500 phrases and it generated brain to text at a rate of 78/ minute compared to natural conversation where 110-150 words/ minutes spoken. The next step in this innovation is to create a wireless version of the BCI to implant beneath the skull.

According to researchers’ accuracy, speed and sophistication of this technology suggests that that this AI Avatar speech system is now can be used in practical purposes for patients.

D. David Moses, one of the co -author of the research said, “Giving people the ability to freely control their own computers and phones with this technology would have profound effects on their independence and social interactions.”

Says Ann “My brain feels funny when it hears my synthesized voice. It’s like hearing an old voice. I want patients to see me and know that their lives are not over. I want to show them that disabilities don’t need to stop us or slow us down,” Ann is currently helping researchers at UC San Francisco and UC Berkeley develop new brain-computer technology that could one day allow people like her to communicate more naturally through a digital avatar that resembles a person.

For more on this innovation see this video: How a Brain Implant and AI Gave a Woman with Paralysis Her Voice Back – YouTube

References:

https://www.universityofcalifornia.edu/

https://www.nature.com/

https://regina.ctvnews.ca/

https://www.technologyreview.com/

Image credit: UCSF -University of California, San Fransisco

Author: Sumana Rao | Posted on: August 28, 2023
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Rock sugar Mishri benefits

The Many Home Remedies of Mishri Rock Sugar

Rock sugar is commonly known as Mishri or khala kane. It is also called candy sugar and is a type of crystallized sugar that is commonly used in Indian and Middle Eastern cuisines for its sweetening properties and potential health benefits. Mishri is extracted from sugarcane or date palm by preparing a hard confection and cooling sugar syrup into large crystals.

Difference between sugar and mishri:

Sugar is crystalline and obtained from sugar cane or sugar beet by extracting the juice from these two plants followed by heating to make it concentrated by removing water. This concentrated syrup later crystallized to make granular white sugar. The process is also uses bleaching using sulfuric acid to get white sugar which is not good for health.

Mishri, is a type of Indian sweetener made from sugar cane or date plam to form larger crystals. It could be pink, brown, or white in color and made without any chemicals. It also has nearly neutral pH and using it in moderation is good for health.

Mishri has been in use in traditional medicines and in home remedies for many conditions. Consuming mishri in moderation is suggested for common conditions.

  • Ayurvedic medicine: Mishri is used in various Ayurvedic formulations to balance doshas (Vata, Pitta, and Kapha) and treat various health conditions.
  • Cough and sore throat relief: Mishri is often used in traditional remedies to soothe coughs and sore throats. It can be dissolved in warm water or milk to create a soothing drink.
  • Digestive aid: Mishri can aid in digestion by stimulating the production of digestive enzymes and relieving indigestion and bloating.
  • Mouth freshner: Mishri is used as mouth freshener and you can see bowl of mishri kept in restaurants and in functions for this purporse.
  • Energy boost: Like other sugars, Mishri provides a quick source of energy when consumed. It can be particularly useful for those who need an energy boost during physical activities or to combat fatigue.
  • Respiratory health: In Ayurvedic medicine, Mishri is sometimes used to promote respiratory health, especially in conditions like asthma and bronchitis. It is believed to help clear the airways.
  • Skin care: Mishri is occasionally used in skincare products due to its exfoliating properties. When crushed into a fine powder, it can be used as a natural exfoliant to remove dead skin cells.
  • Antioxidant properties: Some studies suggest that Mishri, like other types of sugar, may have antioxidant properties, which can help protect cells from damage caused by free radicals.
  • Stress reduction: In Ayurveda, Mishri is sometimes used as a stress-relieving agent. It improves mood and has a calming effect on the mind.
  • For vision: Mishri is source of several nutrients. It is used to improve eyesight, preventing cataract and rejuvenating eye. Click here to see the Mishri remedy for eye sight improvement.
  • For nausea: It acts an elixir and gives relief from vomiting sensation. It helps in relieving acidity. Carrying mishri during travel time is a good idea to stop travel sickness.
  • To control nose bleeding: Home remedies use mishri water to stop nose bleeding.
  • Memory power: Consuming mishri with almonds in morning is suggested to improve memory. It also energizes brain and give relief from brain fatigue.

It’s important to note that while Mishri may have some potential benefits, it should be consumed in moderation, like any other sugar, as excessive sugar consumption can have adverse effects on health, including weight gain, dental issues, and an increased risk of chronic diseases like diabetes and heart disease.

Image credit: .https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Brauner_Kandiszucker.jpg © Alice Wiegand CC by 3.0

Author: Sumana Rao | Posted on: August 24, 2023
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Fenugreek Gojju

Healthy And Delicious Fenugreek Seeds Masala Gravy Fenugreek Gojju

Fenugreek seeds (methi seeds) are highly recommended for controlling blood sugar, weight, heart health, inflammation and for improved digestion. Adding fenugreek seeds in our daily dishes will help to improve several such conditions. It is also a remedy to improve milk production in nursing mothers.

 

Ways to use fenugreek seeds – eating soaked seeds, fry and add to dishes or make powder and use when you need. Here is a fenugreek seed masala gravy, also known as methi gojju or fenugreek seeds gojju is a dish that is useful for improving digestion. You can mix this with rice and eat it, or serve as side dish with yogurt rice, chapati etc.

 

Fenugreek seeds gojju receipe

 

Ingredients:

1.       Fenugreek seeds – ¼ cup

2.       Green chilies – 5

3.       Grated coconut  -1/2 cup

4.       Cilantro/coriander chopped -1/4 cup

5.       Tamarind – small lemon size

6.       Curry leaves – few

7.       Jaggery -1/2 tsp (optional)

8.       Salt – as per taste

9.       Seasoning ingredients- oil, mustard, red chili, hing

10.   Water – about a cup

 

Preparation:

 

1.       Place a frying pan on medium heat. Add 1 tsp oil and fry green chilis for a minute or until green color changes. Remove and keep chilis aside.

2.       Add 1 to 2 tsp oil to pan, heat the oil to prepare seasoning.  To the heated oil add mustard, red chili, curry leaves and hing.

3.       Once the mustard pops, add fenugreek seeds and fry till it turns golden brown and releases aroma.

4.       Add half cup water to the mix and boil to cook fenugreek seeds.

5.       To prepare masala add grated coconut, cilantro, fried green chilis, salt, jaggery to grinder and grind.

6.       Add grinded masala to methi seeds mixture and boil. If you prefer add little more water. The consistency of fenugreek masala should be like gravy.

7.       Serve fenugreek masala gravy either hot or at room temperature with rice, chapati or bread.

Author: Sumana Rao | Posted on: August 21, 2023
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Decluttering advice

Decluttering Is Essential For Quality Life

Decluttering should be a rule of every household. Decluttering emphasizes simplicity, practicality, and the value of maintaining an organized and uncluttered living space. Decluttering should be part of your routine as it helps you to have a quality life. If you cannot declutter every day, incorporate decluttering schedules once or twice a month. After initial decluttering of the house, your efforts becomes less as you will naturally be alert what to store and unnecessary shopping or collecting. Grandmas have few rules for decluttering the house that can assist you with decluttering job.  

  • One in, one out: When acquiring a new item, consider removing an old one. This rule helps prevent accumulation and keeps belongings in check.
  • Quality over quantity: Choose well-made, durable items over disposable ones. Invest in items that will last and serve their purpose effectively.
  • Use It or lose It: If an item has been sitting unused for a significant period, it might be time to let it go. This rule helps prevent keeping items that no longer have a practical purpose.
  • Sentimental value: Keep items that hold genuine sentimental value and bring joy. Avoid keeping things out of guilt or obligation.
  • Declutter one area at a time: Tackle decluttering room by room or even one drawer at a time. Breaking the task into smaller parts makes it more manageable.
  • The six-month Rule: If you haven’t used or worn something in six months to a year, it’s likely you won’t miss it when it’s gone.
  • Clear countertops: Keep kitchen countertops and other surfaces clear of unnecessary items. A clutter-free space is easier to clean and more visually appealing.
  • Functional furniture: opt for furniture that serves multiple purposes or provides storage. This helps maximize space and reduce clutter.
  • Reevaluate collections: Regularly assess collections such as books, magazines, and collectibles. Keep what you truly love and use.
  • Paper management: Sort through mail and paperwork regularly. File important documents and recycle or shred what’s no longer needed.
  • Think twice before buying: Before purchasing something new, ask yourself if you really need it and where it will fit in your life.
  • Mindful shopping: When shopping, focus on acquiring items that truly enhance your life rather than adding clutter.
  • Gifts and souvenirs: Be selective about gifts and souvenirs. If you don’t want them graciously decline or give it to someone who is in need of it.
  • Digital decluttering: Apply decluttering principles to digital spaces, including email, photos, and digital documents.
  • Declutter before moving: When moving, take the opportunity to declutter and avoid bringing items you no longer need to your new space.

These decluttering advices reflect the timeless wisdom of grandmothers for simplifying and streamlining our lives. It helps us to focus on what truly matters. By following these advices, you can create a more organized, serene, and enjoyable living environment.

Image credit: Nicole – wardrobe declutter DSC02930 https://www.flickr.com/photos/28691409@N05/9719993749/in/photostream/ (cc by 2.0)

Author: Sumana Rao | Posted on: August 18, 2023
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Introducing reading habits in kids

Introducing Reading Habit In Kids

Reading is a crucial skill that kids must develop from a young age and parents must nurture the reading skill of children. Developing a reading habit from a young age can have a lasting positive impact on a child’s cognitive, emotional, and social development.

These days most kids play with phones and enjoy video games. Inculcating the habit of reading can be tricky and parents find it difficult to convince children to read. How to develop reading habits and what benefits kids get by reading books? First thought is to make them feel “reading is fun”

Ways to introduce and develop reading habit:

  • Create a reading friendly environment: Set up a cozy and comfortable reading space with good lighting and a variety of age-appropriate books.
  • Be a reading role model: Parents and elders of family can demonstrate the importance of reading by reading themselves and sharing their love for books.
  • Start early: Introduce reading to children from infancy by reading aloud and showing colorful picture books.
  • Choose engaging books: Select books that match your child’s interests and reading level. Engaging content encourages them to read more.
  • Make it routine: Set aside dedicated reading time every day. Consistency helps build the habit of reading.
  • Library visits: Visit the local library regularly to explore new books and participate in reading events.
  • Allow choice: Let children choose their reading material. It empowers them and increases their enthusiasm for reading.
  • Family reading time: Dedicate time for family reading sessions where everyone reads their chosen books together.
  • Discuss books: Engage in discussions about the books your child reads. Ask about their favorite parts and characters.
  • Limit screen time: Encourage reading by limiting screen time, replacing some screen activities with reading.
  • Set goals: Set achievable reading goals, such as completing a certain number of pages or chapters each day.
  • Celebrate progress: Celebrate milestones and achievements in reading to motivate and reinforce the habit.

Benefits of reading:

  • Language development: Reading exposes children to a rich vocabulary and helps them learn new words and phrases, improving their language skills and communication.
  • Cognitive skills: Reading enhances critical thinking, problem-solving, and analytical skills by engaging the mind and encouraging comprehension and interpretation.
  • Imagination and creativity: Reading stimulates imagination and creativity as readers visualize the scenes and characters described in the text.
  • Academic success: Children who read regularly often perform better in school. Reading improves comprehension, writing, and academic achievement across subjects.
  • Empathy and understanding: Reading about different cultures, experiences, and perspectives fosters empathy and a broader understanding of the world.
  • Stress buster: Reading can be a form of escape, reducing stress and promoting relaxation.
  • Knowledge acquisition: Reading introduces children to a wide range of topics, helping them learn about the world, history, science, and more.

Building reading habit takes time and patience. The goal is to make reading an enjoyable and enriching activity that becomes a natural part of your child’s daily routine.

Image credit: https://pxhere.com/en/photo/1636081#google_vignette (cc by 0)

Author: Sumana Rao | Posted on: August 17, 2023
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Wall Push-Ups Pilates

Wall Push-Ups Pilates

This is like push ups that we do on the mat or floor. Here we perform pushups while standing in front of the wall and using the wall as prep.

 

Benefits of performing Wall Push-ups Pilates is: It works on triceps and stretches pectorals. It also activates shoulder stabilizers and helps to strengthen the upper body torso muscles. Apart from the shoulder wall push ups works on hamstring and resets posture and brings energy.

 

To perform Wall Push-ups Pilates:

 

1.       Stand facing the wall, place your hands on the wall at shoulder height and shoulder-width apart.

2.       Step your feet back, creating a slight angle with your body.

3.       Bend your elbows and lower your chest toward the wall, keeping your body in a straight line.

4.       Push back to the starting position.

 

Image credit: Photo by Ketut Subiyanto: https://www.pexels.com/photo/photo-of-man-doing-wall-push-ups-4720311/

 

Author: Sumana Rao | Posted on: August 16, 2023
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