All posts by Sumana Rao

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Heating and cold pad use

Cold And Heat Pads – When To Use?

Using ice and heat for injuries and pain management depends on the type and timing of the injury or condition. Sometimes it could be confusing when to use ice or heat treatment to bring normalcy to aching body. 

Here are some guidelines regarding when to use ice or heating pad:

When to use ice?

Ice is primarily used to reduce inflammation and numb pain. It is most effective in the acute phase of an injury, which is typically the first 24-48 hours.

  1. Acute injuries: Use ice immediately after an acute injury such as a sprain, strain, or contusion. Ice helps reduce swelling and inflammation by constricting blood vessels and slowing down blood flow to the injured area.
  2. Swelling and inflammation: Apply ice to areas with significant swelling or inflammation. This includes conditions like tendinitis or bursitis.
  3. Pain relief: Ice can help numb sharp pain and reduce muscle spasms.
  4. Post acute phase of injury: When a person feels discomfort due to inflammation and pain, continue using ice to manage any remaining inflammation and pain.

How to apply ice:

  • Use an ice pack, frozen gel pack, or a bag of frozen vegetables wrapped in a thin towel.
  • Apply ice for 15-20 minutes at a time, several times a day.
  • Avoid applying ice directly to the skin to prevent frostbite.

Having cold compress at home helps in following conditions:

  • Injury due to hitting or banging leg, knee, hand on hard surface
  • Knee pain due to sudden twisting
  • Elbow pain due to injury
  • Sprain in ankle
  • After touching hot surface accidentally

When to use heat?

Heat is used to relax and loosen tissues and to stimulate blood flow to the area. It is most effective for chronic conditions and muscle tightness.

  1. Chronic pain like arthritis and tendinitis:  Use heat for chronic pain, such as lower back pain or arthritis. Heat helps relax muscles and joints.
  2. Stiffness and soreness: Apply heat to areas where you feel soreness and stiffness. Heat reduces soreness and improves flexibility by reducing stiffness.
  3. Muscle spasms and tension: Apply heat to areas with muscle spasms, tension, or cramps. Heat promotes relaxation and can alleviate discomfort.
  4. Pre-activity: Use heat before physical activity to warm up muscles and increase blood flow, reducing the risk of injury.
  5. Post -acute phase of injury: Begin using heat to relax muscles, improve blood flow, and reduce stiffness.

How to apply heat?

  • Use a heating pad, hot water bottle, warm towel, or take a warm bath.
  • Apply heat for 15-20 minutes at a time. Ensure the heat source is warm, not hot, to avoid burns.
  • Do not use heat on areas with open wounds or where there is swelling.

Having Hot compress at home is helpful in these conditions

  • For arthritis pain
  • For fibromyalgia
  • Tissue and ligament pain due to old injury
  • Nerve pain or nerve damage
  • Lower back pain
  • Cancer pain

Tips to use cold and heat pads

Timing: For acute injuries, start with ice for the first 24-48 hours to reduce swelling. After this period, you may switch to heat to help relax muscles and improve blood flow.

Combination therapy: In some cases, alternating between ice and heat (contrast therapy) can be beneficial, such as in chronic injuries where both inflammation and stiffness are present.

Always consult with a healthcare professional if you are unsure whether to use ice or heat for your specific injury or condition. Some injuries may require different treatments or approaches.

Using ice and heat appropriately can aid in recovery and provide relief from pain and discomfort.

Image credit: Jen, CC BY-SA 3.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0, via Wikimedia Commons& Wegman’s store


Author: Sumana Rao | Posted on: August 8, 2024
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Brain eating amoeba

Brain Eating Amoeba Reported In Kerala, India

Kerala has issued an alert for a brain-eating amoeba called Naegleria fowleri. So far, four deaths have been reported from the state. This brain eating amoeba can cause a rare but often fatal brain infection called Primary Amebic Meningoencephalitis (PAM). It is typically found in warm freshwater bodies like lakes, rivers, and hot springs.

The amoeba is known to enter the human body through nasal passages, and it travels through the cribriform plate – which is located at the base of the skull and transmits olfactory nerves to enable the sense of smell – to reach the brain -BBC report.

Since 1965, around the world four hundred cases of PAM reported, while India has had fewer than thirty cases so far. The mortality rate is 97%.

Infection usually occurs when contaminated water enters the body through the nose, allowing the amoeba to travel to the brain. Early detection and treatment are crucial for survival.

Precautions and care measures to help prevent infection from the brain-eating amoeba, Naegleria fowleri.

Symptoms:

If you suspect exposure to Naegleria fowleri and experience symptoms, seek immediate medical attention. Symptoms of PAM usually appear within 1 to 9 days of exposure and can include:

  • Severe headache
  • Fever
  • Nausea and vomiting
  • Stiff neck
  • Loss of balance
  • Seizures
  • Hallucinations
  • Altered mental status.

Precautions:

  1. Avoid warm freshwater: Refrain from swimming or diving in warm freshwater bodies like lakes, rivers, hot springs, and poorly maintained or minimally chlorinated pools, especially in the summer.
  2. Nose protection: Use nose clips or hold your nose shut when swimming in freshwater to prevent water from entering your nasal passages.
  3. Avoid stirring up sediment: Try not to disturb sediment in shallow, warm freshwater areas where the amoeba may be present.
  4. Use treated water: Ensure that water used for activities such as nasal rinsing, showering, or swimming is properly treated and chlorinated.
  5. Boil or filter water: Use boiled or distilled water for sinus rinses or neti pots. Tap water should be boiled for at least one minute (or three minutes at higher altitudes) and then cooled before use. Alternatively, use water that has been filtered using filters with a pore size of one micron or smaller.
  6. Avoid using untreated tap water: Do not use untreated tap water for nasal irrigation or ablution practices.

Treatment:

Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial for improving survival chances. Healthcare providers may use a combination of antifungal and antimicrobial medications, including:

  • Amphotericin B: An antifungal medication administered intravenously or intrathecally (into the spinal canal).
  • Miltefosine: An experimental drug that has shown some success in treating PAM.
  • Fluconazole, Rifampin, and Azithromycin: Additional medications that may be used in combination.

What public can do to prevent spreading the amoeba?

  • Stay informed about local health advisories, especially if you live in or plan to visit areas where Naegleria fowleri is known to exist.
  • Practice good hygiene and safety measures when engaging in activities involving freshwater.
  • Educate family members and friends about the risks and precautions associated with Naegleria fowleri to raise awareness and prevent infections.

References:

https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/

Kerala: Teenager survives rare brain-eating amoeba disease (bbc.com)

Everything you need to know about the brain-eating amoeba that is killed three children in Kerala (gavi.org)

Image credit: www.CDC.gov: High resolution of Naegleria fowleri ameba in a person’s cerebrospinal fluid. Photo: Dr. James Roberts, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta


Author: Sumana Rao | Posted on: August 7, 2024
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Coconut milk for skin care

Ways To Use Coconut Milk For Skin And Hair Health

Coconut milk is beneficial not just for internal health but also for external body care. Using coconut milk for body care can enhance your beauty routine naturally, providing hydration, nourishment, and soothing properties to your skin and hair.

Ways to use coconut milk in skin care routine:

1. Moisturizing bath: Add 1-2 cups of coconut milk to your bathwater. Soak in the bath for 20-30 minutes.

  • Coconut milk helps to hydrate and soften the skin, leaving it smooth and moisturized.

2. Skin moisturizer: Apply coconut milk directly to your skin after a bath or shower. Gently massage it in until fully absorbed.

  • It helps to keep the skin hydrated and can soothe dry or irritated skin.

3. Face mask:  Mix equal parts of coconut milk and honey. Apply the mixture to your face and leave it on for 15-20 minutes before rinsing off with warm water.

  • This mask can hydrate and nourish the skin, giving it a natural glow.

4. Hair conditioner: After shampooing, apply coconut milk to your hair, focusing on the ends. Leave it on for 5-10 minutes, then rinse thoroughly.

  • Coconut milk helps to condition and detangle hair, making it soft and shiny.

5. Scalp treatment: Massage coconut milk into your scalp and leave it on for 20-30 minutes before washing it out with shampoo.

6. Body scrub: Mix coconut milk with sugar or sea salt to create a natural exfoliating scrub. Gently massage it onto your skin in circular motions, then rinse off with warm water.

  • This helps to remove dead skin cells and leaves your skin smooth and radiant.

7. Sunburn relief: Apply chilled coconut milk to sunburned areas. Leave it on for 15-20 minutes before rinsing off.

  • The cooling and hydrating properties of coconut milk can help to soothe and heal sunburned skin.

8. Razor burn relief: Apply coconut milk to the skin after shaving to help soothe and reduce razor burn.

  • It can help to calm irritated skin and provide moisture.

9. Foot soak: Add coconut milk to a basin of warm water and soak your feet for 15-20 minutes.

10. Eye makeup remover: Dab a cotton ball with coconut milk and gently wipe away eye makeup.

  • It effectively removes makeup while also moisturizing the delicate skin around the eyes.

Tips for using coconut milk for body care: Even though the chance of having skin allergy to coconut milk is rare, it is better to take precautions before applying it on skin.

  • Patch test: Before applying coconut milk all over, do a patch test to ensure you do not have an allergic reaction.
  • Natural and pure: Use pure coconut milk without added sugars or preservatives for the best results.
  • Storage: If you are preparing coconut milk at home, then store coconut milk in the refrigerator and use it within a few days to ensure freshness.

Image credit: https://pxhere.com/en/photo/527019 (CC0 Public Domain)


Author: Sumana Rao | Posted on: August 6, 2024
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Coconut milk rice recipe

Delicious Aromatic Coconut Milk Rice Recipe

Coconut milk rice is aromatic and tastes good. Adding coconut milk to dishes improves tastes and serves many health benefits. It is an alternative for lactose free food, boosts immunity, rich in Vitamin E, B and C. It is also considered as a healthy fat that supports health heart.

When incorporating coconut milk into your diet, opt for unsweetened varieties to avoid added sugars. Best is to prepare coconut milk at home by grinding freshly grated coconut.

Ingredients:

1.        Basmati rice (or any long-grain rice) – 1 cup

2.        Coconut milk – 1.5 cup

3.        Water – 1 cup

4.        Medium onion, finely chopped -1

5.        Garlic clove -2 (minced)

6.        Ginger – 1 tsp (minced)

7.        Green chili, slit (optional for heat) – 1 or 2

8.        Cooking oil – 1 Tbsp (coconut oil preferred)

9.        Cumin – 1 tsp

10.   Mustard – ½ tsp

11.   Bay leaf – 1

12.   Cinnamon -1-inch stick

13.   Salt – as per taste

14.   Chopped coriander – ½ cup

15.   Curry leaves – few

Preparation:

1.        Rinse the rice under cold water. Soak the rice in water for about 15-20 minutes, then drain.

2.        Chop the onion, mince the garlic and ginger, and slit the green chili.

3.        In a large saucepan, heat the oil over medium heat. Add the cumin seeds, bay leaf, and cinnamon stick. Sauté for about 30 seconds until fragrant.

4.        Add the chopped onion to the pot and sauté until it becomes translucent. Add the minced garlic, ginger, curry leaves and slit green chili. Cook for another 1-2 minutes until fragrant.

5.        Coconut milk preparation: Grate one coconut and grind with ½ cup water – strain and collect the coconut milk. Alternatively, you can use store bought canned unsweetened coconut milk.

6.        Add the soaked and drained rice to the cooking vessel. Stir well to coat the rice with the oil and spices.  Pour in the coconut milk and water. Add salt to taste.

7.        Bring the mixture to a boil, then reduce the heat to low. Cover the lid and let it simmer for about 15-20 minutes, or until the rice is cooked and the liquid is absorbed.

8.        Once the rice is cooked, turn off the heat and let it sit, covered, for another 5-10 minutes. This allows the rice to steam and become fluffy. Garnish with fresh cilantro.

9.        Serve the coconut milk rice with your 

 

Image credit: Coconut Image by manueltapi from Pixabay (Free for use under Pixabay content license)

Coconut milk rice image credit:  www.werindia.com (Copilot Designer August 4th 3:56 pm)


Author: Sumana Rao | Posted on: August 5, 2024
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Ai technology in agriculture

Impact of AI in Agricultural Industry And Challenges

AI is playing an increasingly significant role in the agriculture industry worldwide, transforming traditional farming practices into more efficient, productive, and sustainable ones.

The future of AI in agriculture promises to enhance productivity, sustainability, and resilience in farming, helping to address global challenges such as food security, climate change, and environmental sustainability. As technology continues to evolve, its integration into agriculture will bring about transformative changes, making farming smarter, more efficient, and more sustainable than ever before.

Ways AI impacting current agriculture practices –

Precision farming

  • Soil and crop monitoring: AI uses sensors and IoT devices to collect data on soil moisture, nutrient levels, and crop health. This data helps in precise application of water, fertilizers, and pesticides.
  • Variable rate technology (VRT): AI algorithms determine the optimal number of inputs like seeds, fertilizers, and chemicals to be applied at specific locations in the field, reducing waste and costs.

Predictive analytics

  • Yield prediction: AI models analyze weather patterns, soil conditions, and crop health data to predict yield outcomes, allowing farmers to plan better.
  • Disease and pest forecasting: AI systems can predict the likelihood of disease outbreaks or pest infestations, enabling timely preventive measures.

Automation and robotics

  • Autonomous equipment: AI-powered tractors and machinery can perform planting, weeding, and harvesting tasks autonomously, improving efficiency and reducing labor dependency.
  • Harvesting robots: Robots equipped with AI can identify and harvest ripe fruits and vegetables, minimizing damage and increasing productivity.

Drones and satellite imaging

  • Aerial surveillance: Drones equipped with AI analyze aerial images to assess crop health, identify stressed areas, and monitor irrigation levels.
  • Remote sensing: Satellites provide large-scale images and data, which AI analyzes to monitor crop growth, soil conditions, and environmental changes.

Supply Chain Optimization

  • Demand forecasting: AI predicts market demand for various crops, helping farmers decide what to plant and when to harvest.
  • Planning: AI optimizes the supply chain by managing inventory, reducing waste, and ensuring timely delivery of fresh produce.

Livestock management

  • Health monitoring: AI systems monitor livestock health through wearable devices and cameras, detecting signs of illness, stress, or abnormal behavior early.
  • Feeding optimization: AI analyzes data on feed intake and growth rates to optimize feeding schedules and compositions.

Climate change adaptation

  • Weather prediction: AI models predict short-term and long-term weather patterns, helping farmers make informed decisions about planting and harvesting.
  • Resilient crop varieties: AI research aids in developing crop varieties that are more resistant to drought, pests, and diseases.

Smart irrigation systems

  • Efficient water use: AI-powered systems use real-time data to determine the precise amount of water needed for crops, reducing water waste.
  • Automated irrigation: AI controls irrigation systems to water crops at optimal times, ensuring better growth and yield.

Market forecasting

  • Price prediction: AI analyzes market trends to forecast prices of agricultural products, helping farmers decide the best times to sell their produce.
  • Consumer preference analysis: AI identifies consumer preferences and trends, guiding farmers on what crops to grow for better profitability.

Resource management

  • Optimizing inputs: AI helps in the efficient use of resources like seeds, fertilizers, and pesticides by determining the exact quantities needed.
  • Environmental impact reduction: AI promotes sustainable farming practices by minimizing the overuse of chemicals and conserving natural resources.

Several leading agricultural companies are leveraging AI technology to innovate and enhance their farming practices are – John Deere, Bayer, Syngenta, Corteva Agriscience, Trimble Agriculture etc. In India – Salam Kisan, DeHaat, Ninjacart, Cropin Technology, AgNext are examples where AI is using AI to help farmers. These companies are at the forefront of integrating AI into agriculture, driving innovation, and helping farmers meet the challenges of modern farming through advanced technology and data-driven solutions.

Challenges faced by AI supported Ag Industry:

1. High Initial costs of technology investment – this is a big challenge mainly small-scale farmers face.

2. Data management and quality which requires a vast amount of accurate and comprehensive data.

3. Technical complexity of understanding AI technologies and knowledge by farmers including maintenance and support

4. Infrastructure Limitations like connectivity issues for AI Apps through network and power supply

5. Regulatory and ethical concerns – data protection and privacy concerns by farmers. Data should be ethical.

6. Regulatory compliance: Navigating drones and autonomous machinery through AI can be complex.

6. Environmental and social Impact – it is important to ensure farmers that these technologies promote sustainable practices.

7. Automation of the farm work due to AI application could cause Job displacement and can lead to social and economic concerns.

8. Reliability and accuracy of AI based models – if there is incorrect recommendation or predications it could lead to heavy losses. Ensuring farmers with practical knowledge under varying conditions that AI technology works is essential.

9. Economic barriers – small scale farmers might not be able to afford the technology. Another major challenge is funding and investment.

10. Cultural and behavioral resistance – farmers who rely on traditional practices might be hesitant to adopt innovative technologies. Building trust with transparency approaches is critical to introduce AI technology in the field.

Addressing these challenges requires a concerted effort from technology developers, policymakers, educational institutions, and the farming community to create a supportive ecosystem for AI in agriculture.

References:

  1. https://www.nifa.usda.gov/artificial-intelligence
  2. https://www.forbes.com/
  3. https://www.mckinsey.com/industries/agriculture
  4. https://www.basic.ai/blog-post/7-applications-of-ai-in-agriculture
  5. https://krishijagran.com/

Image credit: Generated with AI ∙ July 31, 2024, at 7:57 PM


Author: Sumana Rao | Posted on: August 1, 2024
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Yoga poses to overcome emotions

Overcome Negative Emotions By Practicing These Ten Yoga Poses

Yoga helps to bring balance between mind and body. Whenever we are feeling emotions, it impacts our body positively or negatively. Yoga asanas can have a profound impact on our emotional well-being and help to overcome negative emotions. Such yoga poses are identified in our scriptures and are designated to overcome negative emotions. Whenever we are not feeling energetic due to overwhelming emotions, we can make use of these asanas to feel better.

Here are examples of asanas that are commonly associated with specific emotional benefits:

1. Balasana (Child’s pose):

Emotional Benefits: Provides a sense of safety, calm, and relaxation. Helps to relieve stress and anxiety.

How to do It: Kneel on the floor, sit back on your heels, and stretch your arms forward on the mat. Rest your forehead on the ground.

2. Bhujangasana (Cobra pose):

Emotional Benefits: Opens the heart and chest, promoting feelings of courage and reducing feelings of depression.

How to do It: Lie on your stomach, place your hands under your shoulders, and gently lift your chest off the floor while keeping your elbows close to your body.

3. Setu Bandhasana (Bridge pose):

Emotional Benefits: Relieves anxiety and calms the mind. Promotes relaxation and opens the chest.

How to do It: Lie on your back with your knees bent and feet flat on the floor. Lift your hips towards the ceiling while keeping your feet and shoulders grounded.

4. Adho Mukha Svanasana (Downward facing dog pose):

Emotional Benefits: Energizes the body and mind, relieves stress, and combats feelings of fatigue.

How to do It: Start on your hands and knees, lift your hips towards the ceiling, and straighten your legs and arms, forming an inverted V shape.

5. Virabhadrasana II (Warrior II pose):

Emotional Benefits: Builds confidence and strength, promotes courage, and enhances focus.

How to do It: Stand with your legs wide apart, turn one foot out, bend the knee of the turned-out foot, and extend your arms out to the sides.

6. Garudasana (Eagle pose):

Emotional Benefits: Promotes balance and focus, relieves stress, and improves concentration.

How to do It: Stand on one leg, wrap the other leg around it, and cross your arms in front of you while bringing your palms together.

7. Savasana (Corpse pose):

Emotional Benefits: Deep relaxation, stress relief, and mental clarity.

How to do It: Lie flat on your back with your arms and legs comfortably spread, palms facing up, and eyes closed.

8. Viparita Karani (Legs up the wall pose):

Emotional Benefits: Calms the nervous system, reduces anxiety, and promotes relaxation.

How to do It: Lie on your back and extend your legs up against a wall, forming a 90-degree angle with your body.

9. Anjaneyasana (Low Lunge pose):

Emotional Benefits: Opens the heart and hips, promoting emotional release and a sense of openness.

How to do It: Step one foot forward into a lunge position, lower the back knee to the ground, and lift your arms overhead.

10. Uttanasana (Standing Forward Bend pose):

Emotional Benefits: Calms the mind, relieves stress and anxiety, and promotes introspection.

How to do It: Stand with your feet hip-width apart, bend forward at the hips, and let your upper body hang down while keeping your legs straight.

Practicing these asanas regularly can help manage emotions, reduce stress, and promote overall emotional well-being. Always listen to your body and practice within your limits.

Image credit: https://pxhere.com/en/photo/494967 CC0 Public Domain (Uploaded on Pxhere

01/22/2017)


Author: Sumana Rao | Posted on: July 29, 2024
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Reasons Why These Fruits And Vegetables Significantly Contribute To Better Heart Health

Fruits and vegetables for heart
 

Author: Sumana Rao | Posted on: July 25, 2024
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